Lumps, Bumps and Patches in the Mouth (Oral Pathology)
Oral Pathology is the specialty of dentistry and discipline of pathology that deals with the
diagnosis and assessment, made from tissue changes characteristic of disease of the oral cavity, jaws and salivary glands.
This is a clinical specialty undertaken by laboratory-based personnel.
The practice of Oral Pathology includes research and diagnosis of diseases using clinical, radiographic, microscopic, biochemical, or other examinations.
This section of the website deals with the pathology of the more common clinical oral pathologies, their clinical manifestations and management.
Whilst working at the Royal Berkshire Hospital (2001 – 2006), I audited the biopsy specimens received by the Histopathology Department (results below) from the Oral Surgery Department.
From the results, I wrote information sheets reflecting the incidence of the oral pathology.
I did not write an information sheet regarding Oral Cancer (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) as this is best handled either by specific cancer websites or the medical / surgical teams handling this.
- Actinomycosis,
- Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma,
- Ameloblastic Carcinoma,
- Ameloblastic Fibrodentinoma,
- Crohn’s Disease,
- Denture Granuloma,
- Dermoid Cyst,
- Epithelial Dysplasia,
- Fibrous Dysplasia,
- Malignant Melanoma,
- Monomorphic Adenoma,
- Neurilemona,
- Pemphigoid,
- Sebaceous Cyst,
- Sialosis,
- TB,
- Pemphigus,
- Verucca Vulgaris,
- Adenocarcinoma,
- Ameloblastoma,
- Candidiasis,
- Ossifying Fibroma,
- Osteoma,
- Osteomyelitis,
- Giant Cell Granuloma,
- Carcinoma in situ and
- Giant Cell Epulis.
Clinical Entity | Actual Number | % of Total Number Received |
Miscellaneous | 74 | 3.75% |
Melanotic Macule | 0.40% | |
Foreign Body | 13 | 0.70% |
Odontogenic Keratocyst | 13 | 0.70% |
Lipoma | 16 | 0.88% |
Pleomorphic Adenoma | 16 | 0.88% |
Trichomonas | 21 | 1.15% |
Mucocoele | 27 | 1.48% |
Pyogenic Granuloma | 28 | 1.54% |
Fibrous Epulis | 30 | 1.65% |
Radicular Cyst | 42 | 2.30% |
Haemangioma | 50 | 2.70% |
Dentigerous Cyst | 74 | 4% |
Oral Ulceration | 81 | 4.40% |
Dental Cyst | 5.40% | |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 99 | 5.40% |
Hyperkeratosis | 124 | 6.80% |
Keratosis | 238 | 13% |
Lichen Planus | 268 | 14.70% |
Fibro-Epithelial Polyp | 502 | 27.50% |
Useful Articles & Websites
British Medical Journal 2000. ABC of Oral Health – Oral Health and Disease
British Medical Journal 2000. ABC of Oral Health – Swellings & Red, White & Pigmented Lesions
A Guide to Common Oral Lesions 2003
Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology 2006. A Guide to Common Oral Lesions
ENT News 2008 – What is the Risk of a Red or White Lesions in the Mouth Being Malignant?
MJA 2009. Oral White Lesions – Pitfalls of Diagnosis
Dental Update 2010. Management of White Patches
Dent Update 2012. Oral Medicine 10. Lumps & Swellings – Neck
Dent Update 2013. Oral Medicine 11. Lumps & Swellings – Mouth
Dent Update 2013. Oral Medicine 13. Lumps & Swellings – Jaws
In Tech 2013. Diagnosis & Management of Common Oral & Maxillofacial Lesions
Int J Dent 2017. Peripheral Exophytic Oral Lesions – A Clinical Decision Tree